What is the process of analyzing grammatical structures of text in NLP called?

The process of analyzing grammatical structures of text in Natural Language Processing (NLP) is known as parsing, or syntactic parsing. This involves breaking down and examining the syntax of sentences to understand their grammatical structure. Parsing identifies the relationships between words, phrases, and clauses, allowing systems to understand how these components interact to form meaning within a sentence. This is crucial for many NLP applications, such as machine translation, information extraction, and sentiment analysis, where understanding the syntax helps derive meaningful insights from the text.

Contextual Analysis refers to understanding text within its context but does not specifically focus on grammatical structures. Text Normalization involves transforming text into a consistent format, such as lowercasing or removing punctuation, which is oriented toward text processing rather than grammatical structure. Semantic Analysis goes further by focusing on the meanings of words and phrases, rather than their grammatical arrangement. Hence, parsing specifically addresses the grammatical relationships that allow for proper interpretation of text.